Least privilege analysis in software architectures springerlink. Automated detection of least privilege violations in software. You then can revoke unused grants and other changes to better reflect the access a user requires. Software architecture analysis method saam lecture 7a this set of slides are provided for th e information on the case study of applying software architecture analysis me thod saam to the evaluation of architectural designs of a software that extract keyword frequency vectors from text files.
The concept of least privilege states that users should have the fewest or lowest numbers of privileges required to accomplish their duties. This paper describes three perspectives by which we can understand the description of a software architecture and proposes a fivestep method for analyzing software architectures called saam software architecture analysis method. Finally, lessons and morals are presented, drawn from the growing body of experience in applying scenariobased architectural analysis techniques. This work lays the formal foundations for understanding the security design principle of least privilege in software architectures and provides a technique to identify violations against this principle. Performing privilege analysis to find privilege use. Principle of least privilege information on ieees technology navigator. State machines in form of lts labelled transition systems analysis using model checking cra compositional reachability analysis and ltl linear. This paper improves the support for least privilege in software architectures by i defining the foundations to identify potential violations of the principle herein and ii elicitating. Sep 12, 2018 examples of the principle of least privilege. This work lays the formal foundations for understanding the security design principle of least privilege in software architectures and provides a technique to identify violations against this. Abstract supporting a security principle, such as least privilege, in a software architecture is difficult. Ensuring that access to individual server, storage, virtualization, operating system, database, and other.
Ext describing what a user expects of ext, define privext. Scenariobased analysis of software architecture rick kazman department of computer science, university of waterloo waterloo, ontario gregory abowd college of computing, georgia institute of technology atlanta, georgia len bass, paul clements software engineering institute, carnegie mellon university pittsburgh, pennsylvania. Use linux security features and a restricted podsecuritypolicy. Use monitoring tools that examine the software s process as it interacts with the operating system and the network. This work lays the formal foundations for the understanding of the least privilege lp principle in software architectures and provides a technique to identify lp violations. Resolving least privilege violations in software architectures abstract. This paper presents deldroid, an automated approach for determining the least privilege architecture for an android system and its enforcement at runtime. Analysis of three multilevel security architectures. Least privilege analysis in software architectures. We have identified architectural transformations that reduce violations to the principle of least privilege.
Principle of least privilegerelated conferences, publications, and organizations. Architectural patterns are often documented as software design patterns. Extraction of an architectural model for least privilege analysis. Organizations employ least privilege for specific duties and information systems. It applies to end users, systems, processes, networks, databases, applications, and every other facet of an it environment. We introduce the least privilege architecture, which incorporates security features from the recent. A key contribution of our approach is the ability to limit the privileges granted to apps without the need to modify them. Automated detection of least privilege violations in. This work lays the formal foundations for understanding the security design principle of least privilege in software architectures and provides a technique to identify. An architectural pattern is a general, reusable solution to a commonly occurring problem in software architecture within a given context.
Least privilege analysis in software architectures, software. How to design a least privilege architecture in aws sans. The principle of least privilege polp, an important concept in computer security, is the practice of limiting access rights for users to the bare minimum permissions they need to perform their work. This simplifies the work required to implement least privilege practice. The least privilege architecture narrows the attack surface of an android system, making it easier to evaluate its security posture, and thwarts certain class of security attacks. The principle of least privilege can be applied to every level of a system. Aug 01, 2018 you will research, design, develop, and implement software, firmware, and product security best practices, policies, requirements, standards, architectures, tools, procedures and more. Least privilege analysis in software architectures by koen buyens, riccardo scandariato and wouter joosen no static citation data no static citation data cite. Systematic rules are lacking, no guidance explains how to apply the principle in practice. A hardwaresoftware totalsystem view of trustworthiness. In practice one departs from full generality, and limits those circumstances which may give rise to a change of protection regime. This work shows that this technique can scale by composing the results obtained from the analysis of the subparts of a larger system. Software architecture is the study of large software systems, from the perspective of their structure. In information security, computer science, and other fields, the principle of least privilege polp, also known as the principle of minimal privilege or the principle of least authority, requires that in a particular abstraction layer of a computing environment, every module such as a process, a user, or a program, depending on the subject.
Adding network microsegmentation also restricts eastwest movement to reduce the number of vulnerable pathways to applications. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide when it is appropriate to use and. With respect to formal analysis of software architecture, there are numerous techniques. Foundations, theory, and practice scope of architectural analysis component and connectorlevel subsystem and systemlevel data exchanged in a system or subsystem data structure data flow properties of data exchange architectures at different abstraction levels comparison of two or more architectures 25. Implementing a least privilege architecture can reduce risk and minimize disruptions by allowing only the minimum required authority to perform a duty or task. Least privilege analysis in software architectures request pdf. Analysis of software architectures software architecture lecture 2 software architecture foundations, theory, and practice what is architectural analysis. Policies consistent with the principle of least privilege depend not only on the code to be executed but also on what that code is intended to do. As a result, security principles are often neglected.
Cheri protects references pointers to code, data, objects. Least privilege lp is a wellknown security principle. Model for the development of enterprise architectures developed by john zachman. Our own previous work tackled this by introducing formal foundations for the least privilege lp principle in software architectures and providing a technique to identify violations to this principle. Sa tutorial 8 kramermagee model based approach on off 0 1 software architecture describes gross organization of a system in terms of components and their interactions.
Privilege bracketing can be administered using special software to automate the process so elevated access is granted only at the last possible moment and is. If at all possible, limit the allowance of system privilege to small, simple sections of code that may be called atomically. Identifying and resolving least privilege violations in software architectures. Early, useful answers about relevant architectural aspects. Focused manual spotcheck focused manual analysis of source. This lowers the overall security level of the software system and the cost of fixing such problems later on in the development cycle is high.
Oracle minicluster s72 platform security white paper. Below are just a few examples of how the principle can work or fail in practice. Chapter 7 slides security operations flashcards quizlet. Any further allowance of privilege widens the window of time during which a successful exploitation of the system will provide an attacker with that same privilege. Identifying and resolving least privilege violations in software. Resolving least privilege violations in software architectures. Cissp security and risk management flashcards quizlet. The concept of separation of duties states that highvalue or highrisk tasks should be designed to require two or more individuals to complete it. The principle of least privilege is also applied to information system processes, ensuring that the processes operate at privilege levels no higher than necessary to accomplish required organizational missionsbusiness functions. List of software architecture styles and patterns wikipedia. A method for analyzing the properties of software architectures may 2007 white paper gregory abowd, len bass, rick kazman, mike webb texas instruments.
Automated detection of least privilege violations in software architectures. Least privilege in a system microsecond clock were prime. This paper provides an analysis of the relative merits of three architectural types. This paper improves the support for least privilege in software architectures by i defining the foundations to identify potential violations of the principle herein. Mar 23, 2020 enable rbac with least privilege, disable abac, and use audit logging. Learning objectives define architectural analysis and enumerate its goals apply atam analysis to software architectures apply modelbased analysis to software architecture apply reliability analysis to software architecture. Toward leastprivilege isolation for software stanford secure. Least privilege analysis in software architectures core. Deldroid utilizes static program analysis techniques to extract the exact privileges each component needs for providing its. According to the principle of least privilege, access should be allowed only when it is absolutely necessary to the function of a given system, and only for the minimal necessary amount of time. Measuring attack surface in software architecture carnegie. This is in contrast to traditional computer science approaches to the design and creation of software systems, which emphasize data structures and algorithms over structure. Security patterns for microservice architectures okta developer.
The technique can also be leveraged to analyze violations against the security design principle of separation of duties. Automated software architecture security risk analysis using formalized signatures. Composition of least privilege analysis results in software. The proposed approach is supported by tools and has been validated in four case studies, one of which is presented in detail in this paper. Due to the lack of both precise definitions and effective software engineering methodologies, security principles. If a product relies on placement of its service accounts into highly privileged groups in active directory and does not offer options that do not require excessive privilege be granted to the rbac software, you have not really reduced your active directory attack surface youve only changed the composition of. Least privilege analysis in software architectures this work lays the formal foundations for understanding the security design principle of least privilege in software architectures and provides a technique to identify violations against this principle. How to design a least privilege architecture in aws sans institute. Supporting a security principle, such as least privilege, in a software architecture is difficult. In information security, computer science, and other fields, the principle of least privilege polp, also known as the principle of minimal privilege or the principle of least authority, requires that in a particular abstraction layer of a computing environment, every module such as a process, a user. The oracle minicluster s72 platform promotes the principle of least privilege by.
Deconflate virtualization and protection memory management units mmus protect by location in memory. Security analysis of software architectures, in proc. This paper presents the design and implementation of a prototype tool for the extraction of the socalled task execution model directly from the source code. Automated software architecture security risk analysis using. Static analysis has been used to detect security violations in programs, such as finding format string. The task execution model is an essential building block for the analysis of the least privilege violations in a software architecture presented in previous work. Privilege analysis captures privileges used by database users and applications at runtime. This technique is useful in cases when source code is unavailable, if the software was not developed by you, or if you want to verify that the build phase did not introduce any new weaknesses. Determination and enforcement of leastprivilege architecture in. Nov 09, 2011 least privilege analysis in software architectures least privilege analysis in software architectures buyens, koen. Due to the lack of both precise definitions and effective software engineering methodologies, security design principles are often neglected by software architects, resulting in potentially highrisk threats to systems. Generic twodimensional model that uses 6 basic communication interrogatives what, how, where, who, when, why intersecting with different perspectives executives, business managers, system architects, engineers, technicians, and enterprisewide to give a holistic understanding of the enterprise. Determination and enforcement of leastprivilege architecture.
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